Keeping the landscape simple is essential, but that does not mean dull. The key to good design is balance, proportion, and unity.
Proportion refers to the size relationship of elements in a landscape. This includes vertical, horizontal, and special relationships.
Lines create shape and movement in the landscape. They can be straight, curved, or diagonal and may emphasize or de-emphasize a landscape feature.
Proportion
Proportion is the sizing relationship of landscape elements. It affects how people perceive space and can help define hierarchy. It applies to all scales, from small gardens and patios to entire yards and neighborhoods.
Proportion includes symmetrical and asymmetrical balance. Symmetrical balance involves two identical sides to a design, while asymmetrical balance is achieved through diverse elements and objects that share similar imaginary weights.
Unity is consistent in landscaping and requires attention to detail. It also includes thoughtfully using repetition to avoid monotony. Adding too many unrelated features can make your garden seem cluttered. Properly combining form, line, texture, and color will promote unity.
Scale
The physical size of elements and how they relate to one another determines a landscape’s scale. An element’s scale can either overwhelm or entice a viewer’s eye; for example, a prominent water feature could dominate a small garden but might add character to a public outdoor space.
Unity is how well a landscape design flows together. It can be achieved through several methods, including spatial organization and focal points. Unity can also be created by repeating elements that connect spaces physically.
Balance is the idea that every part of a landscape has equal “visual weight.” Balance can be achieved either symmetrically or asymmetrically. Symmetrical balance is used in formal landscapes and often includes geometric patterns in walkways and planting beds. Asymmetrical balance is more informal and uses a variety of plants, colors, and textures with similar forms.
Line
Using natural or imaginary lines in a landscape creates movement and direction. This can be done with geometric (square, circle, and rectangle) and naturalistic themes (curvilinear, meandering lines).
Repetition is an essential element that can help to create sequences and patterns in landscape architecture. However, it is essential to use repetition wisely to avoid monotony and confusion.
Balance is essential to landscape design because it creates equality and unity. It can be achieved through various methods, including using different plants, symmetrical designs, and color contrast. Using these principles can help create a balanced, functional landscape that is beautiful and sustainable.
Form
A landscape is composed of many different elements, and a good design balances the size of these components. Large trees or walls pull attention away from other landscape elements.
Unity is the sense that everything fits together, that all garden areas work well together and link. Interconnection is achieved by features like paths, walkways, and stairs that physically connect areas. Unity can also be accomplished through repetition, such as a repeating pattern of short-high-short or small-medium-large or a regular interval of light-dark or even-odd.
Simplicity is a crucial aspect of unity, but this does not mean bland or spartan! It is essential to use every element sparingly as this can become monotonous.
Texture
Landscape design requires horticultural science, artful composition, and spatial organization. It uses the elements (visual qualities) of line, form, texture, color, and positive and negative space.
Lines are a powerful design element that creates sequences, patterns, and rhythm. Lines are created by placing plants and hardscape features such as paths, driveways, or fences. Curved lines are often used in a landscape to emphasize a focal point, highlight a water feature, or create a sense of movement.
Color
Whether it is the colors of the plants or the lines of the walkways, a landscape’s color scheme affects how comfortable and enjoyable it is to view. Color can make a space feel bigger or smaller and can have an emotional impact on viewers.
Landscape features are most functional for people when they fit the human scale. A significant water feature, for example, can overwhelm a small garden.
Focal points capture attention and help establish direction and a sense of unity in the landscape. The interconnection of spaces helps establish unity by using paths, walkways, and stairs to physically link areas.
